Sunday, January 19, 2020

Essay Grading :: essays research papers

I was going through a bunch of old magazines and newspapers this week when I came upon an article about some software that was being developed for teachers to use that would grade essays. Over the past weekend I had the opportunity to talk to my aunt who was a teacher and college professor before she retired. She said, â€Å"there is nothing better to assess a student's knowledge of a subject, than an essay especially when compared to a true or false or multiple choice exams†. Unfortunately, grading essays is extremely time-consuming, and sometimes grading can be inconsistent. Now there is a computer program that can grade essays as well as humans according to its developer Thomas Landauer. "From sixth graders to first-year medical students, we get consistently good results," says Thomas Landauer, a psychology professor at the University of Colorado who has been working on the program for 10 years. The program, developed into its present form in 1997, uses "latent semantic analysis," a type of artificial intelligence based on complex mathematical formulas that attempt to mimic the human language function. Developed by Landauer, psychologist Peter Foltz of New Mexico State University and doctoral student Darrell Laham of Colorado, the program can't get bored, rushed, sleepy or forgetful. And this, Landauer says, gives it perfect consistency in grading. To grade text, operators feed the computer general information about the subject to be tested, which can include from 50,000 to 10 million words entered from course textbooks. The program then assigns a mathematical degree of similarity or distance between individual words used by the textbooks and other words in general use. This allows students to use different words that mean the same thing for example, "physician" and "doctor." The program then evaluates essays against sample tests that have already been graded by human instructors and professors. It then takes the combination of words in the student essay and computes its similarity to the combination of words in the essays to come up with a grade. The student can expect a grade similar to the one on the sample essay his work most closely matches. To achieve this, the software uses about a gigabyte of computer memory, or ten times that of the average home personal computer. My computer at home has 128 megabytes of R.A.M (random access memory) so my computer would need about eight times more R.A.M to run this program.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Songs of Suicide

As usual, nearly all the children loved lunch time. The younger children played small games, and the older boys would enjoy a friendly game of football, showing off to the girls, and the girls would chat and laugh about the rumours they had heard over the weekend, looking at the boys and decided who they thought were best looking or who they thought were really nice. As usual, the teachers would shout across the field, at the group of kids standing in the corner, lighting up a regular cigarette and as usual, there were the group of good people, or bofs as they were often called by the rest of the school, as they hid their heads in a book, and giggled at the site of a boy. But Everyone had their friendship groups, some clever, some stupid, some friendly, some not, but everyone had their friendship groups, except Justin. Justin was often referred to as a loner, or a weirdo or something that you wouldnt really like to be named. He sat in the corner of the cloakroom every lunch, every break, and in lessons, he wouldnt answer if any one talked to him, he would just look at then plainly, as if he couldnt see them, as if they were a ghost. He was always very pale, and always kept to himself, listening to his music, and writing in a small blue book who no one had ever read or seen except himself. He was a clever child, but the only lesson he seemed to participate in were music lessons. He wrote his way through books and books of songs, poems and lyrics, and could play any instrument which was presented to him. But he never seemed to be prepared to show his talent to anyone. ‘Oi, Justin, give us ya book, or ya diary, or whatever it is,' yelled mark across the field, and everyone watched and laughed at Justin, calling names and making fun out of him, not being aware of his feelings. Justin just turned away and carried on scribbling notes into his book, and then stopping, chewed his pen for a while, scribbled some words out, then wrote down another sentence, then smiled to himself, drew a line and turned the page. The bell rang and people started trailing into the classrooms, mumbling words as the bofins ran past and sat at the front of the class, with their books out ready and sat up straight, ready for the teacher to walk in. The girls then trailed in followed by the footballers, chatting away with each other, and every so often, a laugh, or a scream. Following them, Justin walked in, clenching his small blue book, and looking at each person, with a stare in his eyes, like he was analysing the way they act, or walk, or talk. He sat at the back in the corner, away from the rest of the class. About five minutes later, the smokers trailed in, chatting with a bit of strong language added in, and the scent of cigarettes filled the classroom. As the teacher marched in, the people at the front jumped up, followed by the rest of the class including justin, who mumbled ‘Good Morning sir' over their breaths. As the work started, random objects were thrown in the direction of Justin, usually hitting his desk, chair or even himself, but he didnt move. He just let it happen and dealt with it. Notes were passed to him with rude, agressive words on them, threatning sometimes, but never did he stir, he just scribbled some notes down that the teacher was making, then carried on writing is his little blue book. The end of school bell finally rang, and the classes were dismissed. Everyone left and trailed off home, including Justin, who walked 4 miles to get home, in the summer or winter, no matter what the weather was like. As he arrived home, he let himself in, often the door was left open, if his father had forgotten to close it behind him. He dragged his school bag up the small cluttered stairs, collecting the dust on the way. His mother had died at an early age and his father had become violent with drink since she had passed away. He had always blamed Justin, even thought he was only 3 years old when she died. He always said if he wasnt born, she would still be alive. He got into his room, where the walls were painted plain black, but could often not be seen by the amount of band pictures and posters which had been pasted over his walls. This was Justins personal space, and no one ever came in his room. His music could be played loudly and he could keep to himself in their as his dad couldnt easily get up the stairs so his slept on the cigarette burnt, old, tatty sofa downstairs. Justin stayed up there all night, until he woke up in the mornings, and went downstairs to find some food he could scrape out of the cupboards, or some spare money so he could buy some food from the corner shop on his way to school before his dad came downstairs. If his dad caught him, he would be punished, which was that morning. At 6 :00, Justin crept downstairs, and past his father sleeping on the sofa, and into the so called kitchen. He opened the cupboard and found some change, three pounds to be exact which he picked up an swand round, pleased with his find, but as he turned around, his father was stood in the doorway. ‘What you doing there with my money Justin ?!' asked his father ‘Just going to buy something to eat dad' Justin mumbled shakily under his breath. ‘And you were going to take my food money were you ?' ‘No dad, i†¦i just †¦ i was going to pay it back' said Justin, starting to panic now. ‘Yeah Justin, you were really going to pay it back. I know you Justin, always taking my money, never paying it back, probably hoping i will starve so you dont have to live here anymore. You dont care about me do you Justin ?' ‘I do dad. I just need some food' ‘Not out of my money you dont, you selfish child !' shouted his father as he lifted his fist to justin and knocked him over. Justin grabbed his school bag, and ran out of the house straight to school. It was early and the teachers were just arriving. His eye had swelled up and had gone black. He got out his blue book, and wrote down a diary entry and some more lyrics to finish up his song. The he saw Mark coming down the road. He ran to the unused toilets and locked himself in. This was the place he felt safe, other than his bedroom. No one ever came into the toilets, not even the cleaners, because they hadnt been used for about 6 months, since there had been more toilets built inside the main building. He could sit in the toilets for hours, just thinking to himself, and writing in his blue book, and not having to bother about any one else. ‘Wheres Justin ?' asked the teacher when the bell had rung. No one really knew because he didnt have any friends. Some nonsence was mumbled under peoples breaths about him, but no one really had any clue where he was. ‘I saw him before school , outside, by the gate. His eye was swolen, Miss, i duno what he had been doin.' Shouted Mark from the back of the class. Louise walked into the old toilet block with her friends behind her. This was where they were planning on having a cigarette and as they hadn't been used for 3 years, not many people entered. ‘Pass a cigarette, Chris.' Shouted Ryan from the other side of the toilet block. ‘I wonder if any of these toilets still work.' Mentioned Louise to Greg. ‘Dunno, lets go have a look at them, bet there disgusting,' answered Greg. So Gred pushed each door open quickly an peeked inside, looking at the mess they were in, the graffiti on the walls and the broken doors and toilet seats. ‘This ones locked,' said Greg. ‘Nah, it cant be, have a look over, see if theres something in the way.' As Greg looked over, he saw a boy, sat on the floor, writing in a book. He looked behind him to see if it was any of his friends, but they were all stood there, looking at him, waiting for him to open the door. He glanced back. The boy was gone and the door swung open. ‘Who the hell was that ?' shouted Greg, feeling a bit shaken up and his friends looking at him puzzled. ‘There was†¦there†¦i†¦i just saw a ghost.' And there on the floor, was a small blue book, in neat condition, with a name on the outside. Justin Holdsworth.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Final Project Psychology 1 - 1501 Words

Schizophrenia I chose to write my research paper over Schizophrenia. It is a psychological disorder that I have always found fascinating. Approximately 20% of North Americans will be affected by a mental illness during the course of their lifetime. (MHA, ‘What You Should Know About Mental Illnesses) More specifically, 1 in 100 Americans will suffer from schizophrenia. That means that 300,000 people in America will, at some point in their life, be affected by a very serious and highly misunderstood mental disorder. (Schizophrenia Society of America) It is a serious disorder that consumes a person s life and is nearly impossible to control. In this paper, I will talk about the definition of Schizophrenia, the symptoms of Schizophrenia,†¦show more content†¦The most important thing to remember though with disorganized schizophrenia is that there is a lot of strange and aimless behavior that does not make sense. Paranoid-type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hall ucinations (hearing voices that don t exist) but relatively normal intellectual functioning and expression of emotions. The delusions can often be about being persecuted by a person or an organization, or feeling harassed or treated unfairly. People with paranoid-type schizophrenia can exhibit anger, aloofness, anxiety, and can be argumentative. (DSM-IV-TR) The catatonic subtype of schizophrenia involves disturbances in a person’s movement. Affected people may exhibit a dramatic reduction in activity, to the point that voluntary movement stops, as in catatonic stupor. Alternatively, activity can dramatically increase, a state known as catatonic excitement.Other disturbances of movement can be present with this subtype. 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InRead MoreBusiness Administration ( Fredericton ) Should Pursue Third Party Accreditations As Part Of Its Strategy938 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions, analyses and interviews, the Faculty of Business Administration (Fredericton) faces real challenges whether they should pursue third party accreditations in particular the well-known AACSB accreditation in light of the following points: 1) UNB Faculty of Business Administration (Saint John) is already working on achieving the AACSB accreditation, 2) The direct and indirect benefits and costs of AACSB accreditation, 3) The recent changes in the AACSB Accreditation Standards for BusinessRead MoreAssessing Transformational Leadership749 Words   |  3 Pagesdimensions of transformational leadership, there is extensive analysis into the factors that also enable leaders to excel in this role. The seven factors as defined by Carless, Wearing and Mann (2000) are the basis of Table 1, Self-Scoring Analysis of Transformational Leadership. 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Thursday, December 26, 2019

Words Used to Describe Food

The words below are some of the most important used to talk about how food tastes, the condition it is in, and how we cook. Practice the sentences and learn how to talk about your food.   Food Condition fresh - Sushi always requires fresh fish.off - Im afraid this cheese tastes off.raw - Sushi is made from raw fish as well as vegetables, seaweed, and rice.  ripe - Make sure the bananas are ripe so I can use them in the cake.rotten - This meat smells rotten. I think we should throw it away.tough - The steak was very tough. I could hardly chew it!tender - The lamb was so tender that it seemed to melt in my mouth.undercooked - The undercooked salmon was very poor.unripe - Many types of fruit are picked unripe and become ripe as they are shipped.overcooked - The broccoli was overcooked. It should have been crisper.   Food Verbs bake - Ill bake a cake for her birthday party.boil - You should boil these potatoes for forty-five minutes.cook - What would you like me to cook for dinner?fry - I usually fry some eggs and bacon on Saturday mornings.grill - During the summer I like to grill meat outside.heat - Heat up the soup and make some sandwiches.microwave - Microwave the macaroni for three minutes and eat.poach - Jennifer prefers to poach her eggs.roast - Lets put this in the oven and roast for two hours.steam - The best way to cook many vegetables is to steam them for a few minutes. Food Quantities bar - Melt one bar of butter for the sauce.liter - Ill put a liter of water on to boil for the pasta.loaf - I bought three loaves of bread at the supermarket.  lump - Put of a lump of butter on top of the casserole to make it tasty.piece - Would you like a piece of chicken?pint - I drank a pint of ale at the pub.portion - Have you eaten your portion of vegetables today?slice - Please put three slices of cheese on my sandwich.spoonful - Add two spoonfuls of sugar to sweeten. Food Taste bitter - The almonds were very bitter. I could hardly eat the cookies.bland - This sauce is very bland. It doesnt taste like anything.creamy - I enjoy eating creamy tomato soup on cold winter days.crisp - The apple was crisp and delicious.  crunchy - Granola is a very crunch type of breakfast cereal.hot - The soup is hot. Let it cool down.mild - The spices are very mild.  salty - The sauce was much too salty. I think you should add some water and boil it down.savory - Savory crackers with cheese make a great snack.  sour - Lemons are very sour!spicy - Greg enjoys eating spicy Mexican food.  sweet - The cherry pie wasnt too sweet. It was just right.  tasteless - The vegetables have been cooked for too long. Theyre tasteless. Food Types barbecue - Do you enjoy barbecue during the summer?buffet - We went to an Indian buffet and had all we could eat.four-course meal - My wife and I enjoy making four-course meals on special occasions.picnic - Lets take a picnic to the park and enjoy the good weather.snack - You should eat a snack at four, but dont eat too much.TV dinner - TV dinners are disgusting but fast. Eating and Drinking bite - Dont bite off more meat than you can comfortably chew.chew - You should chew each bite well before you swallow.swallow - If you swallow too much you might choke on your food.sip - Its best to slowly sip a cocktail rather than gulp it down.guzzle - He guzzled a glass of water after he finished the job.gulp down - He hungrily gulped down the meal as he was very hungry. Preparing Drinks add - Add two shots of whiskey and some rum.fill - Fill the glass with ice.mix - Mix in a teaspoon of sugar.pour - Pour your drink over ice cubes.  shake - Shake the drink well and pour into a glass.stir - Stir the ingredients well and enjoy with your favorite seafood.   If you know all of these words, try the advanced level food vocabulary page to really expand your vocabulary. Teachers can use this lesson about food to help students plan a meal of their own.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Art of Brand Naming Essay - 926 Words

Do you ever like a brand, and everything that they have to offer, bit then you think to yourself what a stupid name though!? While a crappy name wont nesesarily doom a company for success, it can be a hurdle to overcome if botched. The art and science of great naming is absolutely about balancing a confluence of core concepts: Companies should focus on domain name availability, descriptiveness, trademark strength, originality, length, integrity (the bigger picture of the name and brand), and lastly, the names tested market appeal. We dont ever want to find ourselves naming exclusively reaching for one particular aspect of a name, as there is a bigger picture to be considered. Being integral: There is a major plus when a name can†¦show more content†¦There are exceptions, like Trader Joes named for founder Joe Coulombe, and of course the eponymous Ben and Jerrys Ice cream. Dont confuse their existing goodwill with the difficulty inherent to how hard it may have been overcoming a plain name–although one could say their names made them approachable given the lack of seriousness to say, ice cream. As an example and amusing execercise, think of many quirky and cleverly named brands and imagine the inverse of the Trader Joes or Ben and Jerrys format, e.g. if Naked Juice had been the less than inspiring Daves Juice for co-founder David Bleeden. Daves Juice also would totally lack the quasi edginess that Naked Juice has, and is totally forgettable. Legal Research: EatMyWords Founder Alexandra Watkins advises on the legal loose ends of naming your business, For initial trademark screens, you can do free searches on Trademarkia.com and the governments trademark database, TESS, at USPTO.gov. Use these to knock out potential conflicts, then hire an attorney to do a thorough search. This is not something you want to skimp on. Domain name availability. Companies with a substantial amount of liquid capital have the luxury to come up with a name for their business that has a domain they will need to buy inShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy Of Pipeworks Brewing Company1128 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s product success is determined by it’s brand strategy. Hammond (2015) mentions that â€Å"A dynamic and memorable brand strategy must include both the brand personality (visual: graphics, colors, images, etc.) and the brand positioning (messaging: the words used to bring brand to life). That said, the brand personality and positioning should make consumers aware of the product being offered. (BOOK CITE) states that â€Å"A company lives or dies based on brand awareness. Consumers cannot buy products thatRead MoreRed Bull Advertising Strategy for the Adventurous942 Words   |  4 Pagesnot directing their campaigns to a specific age group or gender, but instead, to people with a daring and a ctive lifestyle. The advertisements rarely focus on product descriptions or attributes. Red Bull promotes and markets the lifestyle that the brand stands for. We live in a society filled with advertisements. According to the New York Times, we are exposed to roughly 5,000 ads a day as compared to 2,000, 20 years ago. Because it’s so easy for ads to get lost in the promotional blur, companiesRead MoreLady Gaga Research Paper1154 Words   |  5 Pageshave heard of Lady Gaga has become the most influential Pop music artist of our time. An artists job is to take an image, be it through words or sound, lyrics or song; that explains what its like to be alive at that time. What makes Lady Gagas art so unique is that it captures the period were in right now. Lady Gaga has in the last year and a half become a household name. Maybe you have heard one of her catchy tunes on the radio, and have had the lyrics stuck in your head all day. Perhaps youRead MoreMacbeth: Instruments of Perversion Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples of this disorder. During one of his soliloquies, Macbeth asks: Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still/ Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible, To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain? (2.1.44-50) Macbeth is questioning his own sanity, whether or not this dagger he sees before him is part of the realRead MoreSports   Sponsorship   and   Consumer   Purchase   Intentionï ¼Å¡ from   the   Perspective   of   Consumer   Brand   Awareness3395 Words   |  14 Pages  purchase   intentionï ¼Å¡ From   the   perspective   of   consumer   brand   awareness    1.0   Introduction    Sports sponsorship has long been crucial sources of funds for sports, literature and art as well as the social events. And after 30 year of development, sponsorship marketing has gradually become a global industry. It is widely acknowledged that sports sponsorship enhances the consumers perception of a brand via big events. However, the study on to what extent the sports sponsorshipRead MoreProduction Of A Product Line1422 Words   |  6 Pagesin a ‘configurable BoM‘ i.e. the 150% BoM from which all-possible ‘configured BoM variants‘ or the 100% BoMs can be created. The 150% BoM is just another name for a variant structure, or more specifically, a configurable BoM which contains the ‘art of the possible’ of a product line. A variant BoM contains more parts and assemblies than actually needed to assemble the (final) product – the 150% of the parts. In Manufacturing terms, variant BoMs can be used specifically for Assembled-To-OrderRead MoreWine and Alcoholic Beverage Firms1567 Words   |  7 Pageschose to horizontally integrate themselves into the wine business to mitigate these threats and better leverage their strengths. 2. Develop a Strategy SWOT for Mondavi. Strengths: 1. Product processing continuous improvement 2. Marketing of brand and wine industry Weaknesses: 1. Bottling and Packaging 2. Product Distribution Opportunities: 1. Mondavi holds significant, producing vineyards and notable growing experience 2. Suppliers are fragmented with limited influence 3. CustomerRead MoreEntrepreneur Branding : Seven Major Things You re Doing Wrong2024 Words   |  9 Pagesfor your company as an entrepreneur. The brand identity you forge will ultimately be the face of your company and success or failure depends on it. Unfortunately, this vital aspect of your business survival is not easy to figure out and many end up getting it all wrong. The following are some of the more common problems entrepreneurs face when building their brands and how you can avoid them: 1. Underestimating The Power Of Your Brand Having a strong brand gives you a tighter bond with customersRead MoreGlobal Branding the Strategy Behind Branding in an International Market2185 Words   |  9 PagesIdentification 4 Selection 4 Communication 5 Differentiation 5 Branding strategy 5 Look towards the future 5 Any product has the potential to be a brand. 5 A great brand knows what it stands for 6 Raising the bar when branding 6 Tapping into the emotional experience 6 A global brand needs to be consistent 7 A great brand is not one-dimensional 7 Branding across cultures 7 Conclusion 8 References 8 Introduction Walking through a store with overRead MoreMedia Analysis Of Gucci Dionysus Advert1251 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresents wild revelry, which indicates delight, ecstasy, and breaking through the unreasonable limitations and excessive restrictions of modern civilization. In this advert, the designer attaches the meaning of revelry and freedom to this product by naming it, stimulating customers’ desire for this kind of lifestyle so that they are dying to purchase the bag. But it is the first level of the signing process, in term of Barthes (1991)ï ¼Å'the first level of signs can become a new sign and create a new

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Effects Of Tv On Children Essay Example For Students

Effects Of Tv On Children Essay Sitting in school, little Jane sits anxiously watching the clock. The teacher is talking to the class, but Jane just cant wait to get home. When the bell finally rings, she runs out of the classroom, and all the way home. After blasting in the house, she runs to turn on the TV. Having nothing more exciting to do, Jane will sit in front of the television until her mom pulls her away for dinner. This is an all to familiar scenario in many American homes today. What many people dont realize are the problems that can develop from young children watching too much TV. Many emerging dilemmas are resulting from this concern. When a young child with a maturing brain sits in front of the TV for several hours every day, it can instigate loss of creativity, impatience, and violence further along down the road.The ability to be creative is an important factor in the development of a young childs mind. By sitting down and watching TV for a couple hours, the child is entertained, but is also not th inking. Information in spoon-fed to them, so when it comes time to read a book in school, some can have a hard time grasping ideas. They are so used to having images flash before them to provide understanding; they have trouble moving their eyes side to side to gather the information for themselves. With the TV in front of them, supplying amusement, they may never stop to think that putting a puzzle together, or reading a book could also be fun. They could actually become dependent on this one source of fantasy, and never bother to create their own. As the child grows older, it is less likely to put effort into playing with other kids, or taking up a hobby.While losing creativity, the child can also gain impatience. By having all the stories and facts plastered clear in front of them, they can easily loose interest sitting in a classroom all day. Even during their favorite TV show, there is a brief change of pace in the story line when a commercial comes on, which is about every sev en minutes. Their attention spans are being molded by this continuos interruption, causing them to loose focus easily. Research has shown that teachers today are using many more multimedia devices to capture the students attention. Being so used to seeing information provided by the TV, they are more responsive to learning with it in school, and are more likely to remember it. Many links are showing up in studies between Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), and watching too much television in elementary children. This disorder is becoming more common in the classroom, where they have a hard time concentrating. Along with losing creativity and gaining impatience, the child is more apt to behave violently. They can slowly learn as it is played repeatedly, that they can get what they want by responding with violence. When they see a character shot, or beat someone up so they can steal their car, they may catch on to the idea. They come to expect it in the real world, and when they do not see it, the world becomes bland. The children then may create the violence that their mind craves. A child may also see a villain on TV, and try to test out his tactics to see if they really do work. In California, a seven-year old boy sprinkled ground-up glass in into the stew his family was to eat for dinner. When asked why he did it he replied I wanted to see if it would be the same as on TV. In Alabama, a nine year old boy was caught putting rat poison on a box of candy that he was going to give to his teacher due to the bad grades he received on his report card. He responded by saying he got the idea form a TV show he watched the night before. These are certainly startling examples of how television violence can affect a child. Is it surprising to many that statistics show television is the number one after school activity for young children? 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Monday, December 2, 2019

Mexican Revolution Essays - Presidency Of James K. Polk,

Mexican Revolution International borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the New World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish settled what is today Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the United States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, Mexico was a new country wanting to protect itself from outside powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a region rich in resources, soon after people started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors; central, western and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough what is now the modern Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the French expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the French in Louisiana and central Mexico. The last corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781. The Spanish were not the only European power to colonize the new world; French, English and the Dutch also settled North and South America. The Spanish and the French settled what is present day U.S.-Mexico border region. The French settled modern day U.S. midwest, while the Spanish settled present day Mexico and U.S. southwest. As time went on, European influence in the region diminished.. The French sold there claims to the United States, in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Once the United States bought the Louisiana Purchase, western expansion began. This set the stage for major conflict in the region. The United States gained independence from England in 1775. After 1775, the Americans started to expand west. By the time Mexico gained independence, the United States had reached the Mexican frontier. Mexico needed to protect its northern borders. To protect the border region, Mexico needed to populate the area. Mexico continued the policy started by Spain of allowing Americans to settle Texas. The Americans had to follow Mexican law, religion and customs. The settlement of Texas played into the United States expansion plans. Eventually Mexico City closed Texas from more Americans from entering. This angered the Americans wanting to enter and Americans already living in Texas. Texas revolted from Mexico in 1833. Mexicans did live in Texas, and fought for the independence of Texas. The majority of Texans were Americans and fought for their independence. After the war the Americans intentionally or non-intentionally forced most Mexicans out of Texas. The ones that stayed faced racial tensions that continue to today. After gaining independence from Mexico, Texas wanted to join the United States immediately. The U.S. Congress voted against Texas from joining the